Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
Frontiers for Bulk Nanostructured Metals
in Biomedical Applications
T.C. Lowe
1,
*and R.Z. Valiev
2, 3
1
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
2
Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Russia
3
Laboratory for Mechanics of Bulk Nanomaterials, Saint Petersburg State
University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Abstract
In recent decades, the nanostructuring of metals by severe plastic deformation
(SPD), aimed at enhancing their properties, has become a promising area of mod-
ern materials science and engineering. With regard to medical applications, the
creation of nanostructures in metals and alloys by SPD processing can improve
both mechanical and biomedical properties. h is chapter describes in detail the
results of the investigations relating to titanium and its alloys, cobalt-based alloys,
magnesium alloys, and stainless steels, which are the most extensively used to fab-
ricate medical implants and other articles. h e examples demonstrate that nano-
structured metals with advanced properties pave the way to the development of a
new generation of medical devices with improved design and functionality.
Keywords:
Nanostructured metals, ultrai ne grains, severe plastic deformation,
mechanical and biomedical properties, orthopedic implants, biomaterial,
biocompatibility, titanium, Co-Cr alloys, magnesium, stainless steel
1.1
Introduction to Nanostructured Metals
1.1.1
Importance of Nanostructured Biomedical Metals
h e development of advanced materials for biomedical applications con-
tinues to enable superior solutions to improve human health. While new
