Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 1
AN OVERVIEW OF
MIXED-MODE SWITCHING CIRCUITS
This chapter presents an overview of mixed-mode switching circuits.
Section 1 gives a general classification of mixed-mode switching circuits.
In Section 2, switched capacitor techniques are introduced. Section 3
gives a brief introduction to switched current techniques. The charac-
teristics of mixed-mode switching circuits and their impact on numerical
algorithms for analysis of these circuits are investigated in Section 4.
1. Classification
Mixed-mode switching circuits have found a broad range of applica-
tions in many areas of electrical engineering, from telecommunication
networks, instrumentation, to power electronic systems. Mixed-mode
switching circuits distinguish themselves from time-invariant circuits by
including switches that are either clocked externally or controlled inter-
nally. These circuits can be broadly classified into the following cate-
gories:
Circuits with externally clocked switches. The switches in these cir-
cuits are controlled by external periodic clocks. Typical examples in
this category include switched capacitor networks and switched cur-
rent networks where switches are implemented using either NMOS
transistors or CMOS pairs with external clocks applied to the gate
of MOS transistors.
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