Environmental Engineering Reference
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needed theoretical foundation for noise analysis of periodically switched
linear circuits. Noise sources encountered in integrated circuits and their
power spectral density are investigated in this section. Noise analysis of
periodically switched liner circuits using adjoint network is presented
and the output noise power of several no-ideal switched capacitor net-
works is analyzed using the method and the results are compared with
both measurement results and the results from other computer-aided
design tools.
4.1 Noise Characterization
Noise is a random signal with zero mean. The behavior of a noise
signal in the time domain is characterized by its autocorrelation func-
tion and in the frequency domain by its power spectral density. The
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