Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
where and are constant vectors specifying the nodes of the
input and those of the
noise source in phase
respectively. The
time domain response is obtained from
where
and
An efficient algorithm for computing is given in Appendix
6.A of this chapter. At the boundary of adjacent clock phases, the two-
step algorithm is employed to compute from The
spectrum of the output noise of the circuit is obtained in a post FFT
analysis on a set of time-domain response data of the circuit in the steady
state.
6.3 Examples
Consider the switched capacitor integrator shown in Fig.6.9. The
clock frequency is 10 kHz. The clock has four equal phases per clock
period. The MOS switches are modeled as a resistor in series with
an ideal switch. The operational amplifier is modeled using the macro-
model [5] with 700 kHz unit-gain frequency. The noise of the operational
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