SAMPLED-DATA SIMULATION OF PERIODICALLY SWITCHED LINEAR CIRCUITS - Computer Methods for Analysis of Mixed-Mode Switching Circuits - page 116

is the transition matrix for the backward step and

is the zero-state vector for the backward step. Similar to and
if the step size T is fixed, ˆ and are constant
and need to be computed only once for a given network topology. Once
is available, integration continues from

in a sampled-

data manner.
As an example, consider the circuit shown in Fig.6.3 with
and The input is a unit step current source. The
clock frequency is 5 Hz. The circuit is constructed in such a way that
no floating node exists in either clock phases. Both and are
modeled as ideal switches. The voltage at node 3 is computed using
the sampled-data simulation and is plotted in Fig.6.4, together with the
response from analytical analysis.