Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.3.
Locations of human gene loci indicating large regional duplications of chromo-
some 1 (after Lundin
et al
., 1993)
TRN
tRNA, asparagine
1p36
TRNL
tRNA, asparagine-like
1q12-q22
TRE
tRNA, glutamic acid
1p36
TREL1
tRNA, glutamic acid-like 1
1q21-q22
RNU1
Small nuclear U1 RNA
1p36
RNU1P1-4
Small nuclear U1 RNA pseudogenes 1-4
1q12-q22
FGR
Feline sarcoma oncogene
1p36
LCK
Lymphocyte protein tyrosine kinase
1p32-p35
ABLL
Abelson murine leukemia
1q24-q25
oncogene-like
C8A, C8B
Complement component, 8, / chains
1p22-p36
C1QA, C1QB
Complement component 1q, / chains
1p
C4BPA, C4BPB
Complement component 4 binding protein
1q32
CR1, CR2
Complement component receptors 1/2
1q32
AK2
Adenylate kinase 2
1p34
GUK1
Guanylate kinase 1
1q32-q42
GOT2L1
Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2-like 1
1p32-p33
GOT2L2
Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2-like 2
1q25-q31
RAB3B
Member RAS oncogene family
1p31-p32
NRAS
Neuroblastoma RAS oncogene
1p13
RAP1A
Member RAS oncogene family
1p12-p13
RAB4
Member RAS oncogene family
1q42-q43
FTHL1
Ferritin, heavy polypeptide-like 1
1p22-p31
FTHL2
Ferritin, heavy polypeptide-like 2
1q32-q42
CD58
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen
1p13
DAF
Decay accelerating factor for complement
1q32
ATP1A1
ATPase, Na
+
K
+
, 1 polypeptide
1p13
ATP1A2
ATPase, Na
+
K
+
, 2 polypeptide
1q21-q23
ATP1B1
ATPase, Na
+
K
+
, polypeptide
1q22-q25
duplication. Sequencing data from the 12 Mb yeast genome (Mewes
et al
., 1997)
are consistent with the occurrence of a whole genome duplication that occurred
~100 Myrs ago, after the divergence of
S. cerevisiae
from
Kluyveromyces
(Wolfe
and Shields 1997). Most duplicated genes were subsequently deleted; only 13%
of yeast proteins are now represented as homologous pairs encoded by homolo-
gous genes. Of these homologous gene pairs, only a few possess functions that
have clearly diverged under the influence of selection viz. the mitochondrial and
peroxisomal isozymes of citrate synthase (
CIT1
and
CIT2
),
RAS1
and
RAS2
, the
transcription factors
ACE2
and
SWI5
, the phosphatidylinositol kinases
TOR1
and
TOR2,
and the myosins
MYO3
and
MYO5
. Conclusions drawn from yeast
may not however be applicable to vertebrates and in this phylum, many more
genes may have survived the aftermath of duplication to acquire new functions.
Thus, Nadeau and Sankoff (1997) analyzed the frequency distribution of family
size for gene families present in humans and mice and which arose putatively by
genome duplication early in vertebrate evolution. They concluded that dupli-
cated genes were as likely to have survived and acquired a novel function as to
have been lost through the acquisition of inactivating mutations. In agreement
