Pseudogenes and their formation - Human Gene Evolution - page 272

Pseudogene Chromosomal location/comments Reference

Acyl-CoA binding protein Chromosome 6. Unlinked to functional Gersuk et al . (1995)

source gene DBI (2q12-q21).

Methylthioadenosine 3q28. Unlinked to functional source Tran et al . (1997)

phosphorylase gene MTAP (9p21).

Serine 1p32-33. Unlinked to functional Byrne et al . (1996);

hydroxymethyltransferase source gene SHMT1 (17p11-p12). Devor and Dill-Devor (1997)

Hexokinase II X chromosome. Unlinked to functional Ardehali et al . (1995)

source gene HK2 (2p12). Originated
14-16 Myrs ago. Integrated into LINE
element.

Dihydrolipoamide 1p31. Unlinked to functional source Nakano et al . (1994)

succinyltransferase gene DLST (14q24)

S-adenosylmethionine Xq28. Unlinked to functional source Maric et al . (1995)

decarboxylase gene AMD1 (6q21-q22).

Dual specificity 10q11.2. Unlinked to functional source Nesbit et al . (1997)

phosphatase 8 gene DUSP8 (11p15).

G protein-coupled Chromosome 13. Unlinked to functional Gagnon and Benovic

receptor kinase GRK6 source gene GPRK6 (5q35) 1997)

Estrogen-related 13q12. Unlinked to functional source Sladek et al . (1997)

receptor ERR gene ESRRA (11q12-q13).

Phosphatidylinositol Chromosome 5q35. Unlinked to Ohishi et al . (1995)

glycan class F functional source gene PIGF (2p16-p21)

Nucleophosmin (7) 4 full-length, 3 truncated. Unlinked to Liu and Chan (1993)

functional source gene NPM1 (5q35)

RNA helicase, DDX10 9q21-q22. Unlinked to functional source Savitsky et al . (1996)

gene DDX10 (11q22-q23)

Transcriptional Unlinked to functional source gene Park et al . (1994)

elongation factor TFIIS TCEA1 (3p21-p22)

U1 snRNA Dennison et al . (1981);

Manser and Gesteland
(1981)

U2 snRNA Van Arsdell and Weiner

(1984)

U3 snRNA Bernstein et al . (1983)

U4 snRNA Hammarström et al .

(1982)

U6 snRNA Hayashi (1981)

U13 snRNA Baserga et al . (1991)

Numbers in brackets denote numbers of pseudogenes in cases where more than one has been found.

Some genes possess only a single processed pseudogene copy whereas others
(e.g. the U1 and U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes) can possess hundreds. In
some cases, the processed pseudogenes greatly outnumber their functional coun-
terparts. One example is that of the human ribosomal protein multigene family
(Chapter 5, section 5.1.14) whose members are composed predominantly of mul-
tiple processed pseudogenes (Davies et al ., 1989). Other examples are given in
Table 6.2 . The proportion of processed pseudogenes to functionally active genes in
any one gene family may reflect the level of transcription of the source gene in the
germline. It is also likely to be influenced by the private sequence characteristics