Image Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
15.4
Example: Analysis of Urban Growth in Istanbul, Turkey,
Using Multitemporal Satellite Data
Istanbul, the third-largest city in Europe, extends over both banks of Bosphorus, the
strait that separates the European and Asian continents. The city is home to about
one-fifth of Turkey's population (12 million inhabitants) and it contributes with a
higher share in Turkey's economy (Gür et al.
2003
). During the last five decades,
unplanned migration and industrialization have metamorphosed the city to such an
extent that it seems to have almost forgotten its 2,500 years of historic heritage
(Baytın
2000
; ESA
2001
).The following sections demonstrate how multitemporal
satellite imagery, digital image processing techniques, a 1984-1998 population data-
base, and ground data have been used to characterize the effects of urban growth on
land use and land cover changes in Istanbul in general and on agricultural land in
the district of Büyükçekmece, a suburb of the mega-city Istanbul, in particular.
15.4.1
Study Area
Büyükçekmece (centered at 41° 03¢ N, 28° 45¢ E), one of the 32 administrative dis-
tricts of Istanbul, has been subject to rapid urbanization over the last few decades,
primarily due to increased migration from the Black Sea regions of Turkey (DIE
2000
). Büyükçekmece encompasses an area of 225 km
2
, including the Büyükçekmece
Lake, and is located along the north shore of the Marmara Sea. According to the
1997 census, the district's population is approximately 300,000. Population densities
are highest in the coastal regions. Büyükçekmece had eight administrative sub-
districts (Kavaklı, Yakuplu, Kıraç, Gürpınar, Esenyurt, Mimarsinan, Kumburgaz,
and Tepecik) and contained five villages (Hoşdere, Türkoba, Çakmaklı, Karaağaç,
and Ahmediye) (Fig.
15.1
). However, the administrative boundaries of Büyükçekmece
has been restructured over the years. For example, the village Güzelce is part of the
Kumburgaz sub-district, and village Hoşdere was renamed Bahçeşehir after growing
to become a separate sub-district in 1999.
15.4.2
Data and Methods
This case study utilized a variety of datasets. Population data for 14 administrative
units in Büyükçekmece and covering the time period between 1970 and 1997 were
derived from the Governmental Statistical Institute reports (DIE
2000
), and are
shown in Table
15.1
below. Population changes over the 1970-1985 and 1985-1997
time spans are listed in Table
15.1
and shown graphically in Fig.
15.2
.
GIS data layers (vector data) of the Büyükçekmece district, its villages, sub-
districts, and the coastline were obtained from the Büyükçekmece Municipality
in AUTOCAD DXF format. Multi-temporal satellite data (raster data), including
