Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
close to human habitations, often indoors. They breed in artificial water containers, such
as jars, barrels, cans, cisterns, metal drums, plastic containers and discarded tires. As a
result, dengue is especially common in densely populated, urban environments.
Dengue causes flu-like symptoms, including fever, muscle aches, joint pains, headache,
nausea and vomiting, often followed by a rash. The body aches may be quite uncomfort-
able, but most cases resolve uneventfully in a few days. Severe cases usually occur in
children under the age of 15 who are experiencing their second dengue infection.
There is no specific antivirus (antibiotics) treatment for dengue fever except to take an-
algesics such as acetaminophen/paracetamol (Tylenol) and drink plenty of fluids. Severe
cases may require hospitalization for intravenous fluids and supportive care. There is no
vaccine. The cornerstone of prevention is insect protection (
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.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is the second most common travel-related infection (after travelers' diarrhea).
It's a viral infection of the liver that is usually acquired by ingestion of contaminated wa-
ter, food or ice, or by direct contact with infected persons. The illness occurs throughout
the world, but the incidence is higher in developing nations. Symptoms may include fever,
malaise, jaundice, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Most cases resolve without com-
plications, though hepatitis A occasionally causes severe liver damage. There is no treat-
ment.
Malaria
Malaria occurs in nearly every South American country. It's transmitted by mosquito
bites, usually between dusk and dawn. The main symptom is high spiking fever, which
may be accompanied by chills, sweats, headache, body aches, weakness, vomiting or
diarrhea. Severe cases may affect the central nervous system and lead to seizures, confu-
sion, coma and death.
Taking malaria pills is strongly recommended for areas below 2500m (8202 ft) in the
departments of Beni, Santa Cruz and Pando, where the risk is highest. Falciparum malaria,
which is the most dangerous kind, occurs in Beni and Pando. No malaria is currently
present in the cities of these departments.
There is a choice of three malaria pills, all of which work about equally well. Meflo-
quine (Lariam) is taken once weekly in a dosage of 250mg, starting one to two weeks be-
fore arrival, and continuing through the trip and for four weeks after return. The problem
is that a certain percentage of people (the number is controversial) develop neuropsychiat-
ric side effects, which may range from mild to severe. Stomachache and diarrhea are also
common. Atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone) is taken once daily with food, starting two
