INJURY CONTROL FOR WHEELCHAIR OCCUPANTS - Injury Biomechanics and Control: Optimal Protection from Impact - page 277

Bertocci, G. E., and Evans, J., 2000, Injury risk assessment of wheelchair occupant
restraint systems in a frontal crash: A case for integrated restraints, Journal of
Rehabilitation Research and Development , Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 573 - 590.
Bertocci, G. E., Hobson, D. A., and Digges, K. H., 2000, Development of a
wheelchair occupant injury risk assessment method and its application in the
investigation of wheelchair securement point influence on frontal crash safety,
IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering , Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 126 - 139.
Bertocci, G. E., Souza, A. L., and Szobota, S., 2003, The effect of wheelchair-
seating stiffness and energy absorption on occupant frontal impact kinemat-
ics and submarining risk using computer simulation, Journal of Rehabilitation
Research and Development , Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 125 - 130.
Bertocci, G. E., Szobota, S., Hobson, D. A., and Digges, K., 1999, Computer simu-
lation and sled test validation of a powerbase wheelchair and occupant subjected
to frontal crash conditions, IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering ,
Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 234 - 244.
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), 1981, Wheelchair Securement
on Bus and Paratransit Vehicles , UMTA Report No. UMTA-CA-0600098-82-2.
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1993, Occupant Crash Protection Systems ,
FMVSS 208, 49 CFR Part 571.208. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing-
ton, DC,
Department of Transportation (DOT), 2000, School Bus Passenger Seating and
Crash Protection , FMVSS 222, 49 CFR Part 571.222. U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC,
DYNAMAN User's Manual Version 3.0 , 1991, Gesac Boonesboro, MD.
International Standards Organization (ISO), 2001, Wheeled Mobility Devices for
Use in Motor Vehicles , 7176/19, ISO, Geneva.
Kang, W., and Pilkey, W. D., 1998, Crash simulations of wheelchair occupant
systems in transport, Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development ,Vol.
35, No. 1, pp. 73 - 84.
Kaye, H. S., Kang, T., and LaPlante, M. P., 2000, Mobility device use in the United
States, Disability Statistics Report 14 , U.S. Department of Education, National
Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Washington, DC.
Kooi, J., and Jansen, E., 1987, Safety of wheelchair occupants in road transport,
in Proceedings of the 1987 International IRCOBI Conference on Biomechanics
of Impacts , Birmingham, UK.
MADYMO Manuals , Version 6.3, 2005, TNO MADYMO BV, Netherlands.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 1997, Wheelchair users
injuries and deaths associated with motor vehicle related incidents, research note,
NHTSA, Washington, DC.
National Science Foundation (NSF), 2001, Occupant Protection for Mobility Aid
Van and Bus Riders Who Require Adaptive Seating , Project BES-9801743 Final
Report, NSF, Washington, DC.
Red, E., Hale, K., McDermott M, et al., 1982, Wheelchair restraint systems,
dynamic test results and the development of standards, SAE paper 821161, in