Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
O
O
EDC
Rʹ
NH
2
Rʹ
N
R
N
H
R
O
R
OH
NHS
O
(b)
H
Rʹ
Rʹ
H+
Rʹ
O
NH
2
N
HN
N
Rʹ
OH
-H
2
O
NaBH
3
CN
R
R
R
RR
R
R
R
(c)
Rʹ
N
Rʹ
N
O
R H
O
O
O
S
R
(d)
S
R
NH
2
Rʹ
N
Rʹ
R
C
N
H
N
H
S
ScheMe 16.1
Common conjugation techniques include (a) peptide coupling, (b) reductive amination, (c) thiol-maleimide cross-
linking, and (d) the reaction between isothiocyanate and an amine.
(a)
O
O
O
O
O
Si
NH
2
Si
O
O
(b)
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
EtO
OEt
Si
EtO
EtO
Si
OEt
EtO
EtO
OEt
O
-2 EtOH
EtO
Si
OEt
-2 EtOH
OEt
Si
Si
Si
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
O
O
O
O
+H
2
O
ScheMe 16.2
(a) Structures of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). (b) Scheme showing
how APTES may be used to functionalise a surface with amine groups.
fIGure 16.1
Electrostatic interactions can be used to build layers or adsorb molecules to a nanoparticle surface.
