Biohydrogen Generation and Other Methods - Hydrogen Generation, Storage, and Utilization - page 68

4.5 SUMMARY
Hydrogen produced from biorenewables is a promising sustainable energy
carrier as an alternative to fossil fuels. Biomass-based hydrogen generation
is particularly interesting for rural areas. The share of hydrogen from biomass
in the automotive fuel market is expected to grow in the next decade. Hydro-
gen is currently more expensive than conventional energy sources. In the
longer term, renewable sources will become increasingly more important for
production of hydrogen, thereby lowering its production cost. Thermochemi-
cal (pyrolysis and gasification) and biological (biophotolysis, photofermenta-
tion, and dark fermentation) processes can be practically applied to produce
hydrogen. Biomass gasification offers the earliest and most economical route
for the production of renewable hydrogen. Steam reforming of natural gas
and gasification of biomass could become the dominant technologies by the
end of the twenty-first century.
REFERENCES
1. Demirbas, A. Biohydrogen: For Future Engine Fuel Demands , Trabzon, Springer, 2009.
2. Larsen H., Feidenhans'l R., Petersen LS. Hydrogen and its competitors, Risø energy
Report 3, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, November 2004.
3. Milne TA., Elam CC., Evans RJ. Hydrogen from biomass: State of the art and research
challenges, Report for IEA, IEA/H2/TR-02/001. National Renewable Energy Laboratory,
Golden, CO, 2002.
4. Patel AG., Maheshwari NK., Vijayan PK., Sinha RK. A study on sulfur-iodine (S-I)
thermochemical water splitting process for hydrogen production from nuclear heat. In
Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of Indian Nuclear Society, Science
behind Nuclear Technology, Mumbai, India, November 15-18, 2005.
5. Demirbas A. Yields of hydrogen of gaseous products via pyrolysis from selected biomass
samples. Fuel 2001 , 80 , 1885-1891.
6. Wang D., Czernik S., Montane D., Mann M., Chornet E. Biomass to hydrogen via fast
pyrolysis and catalytic steam reforming of the pyrolysis oil or its fractions. Industrial &
Engineering Chemistry Research 1997 , 36 , 1507-1518.
7. Yan Q., Guo L., Lu Y. Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production from biomass
gasification in supercritical water. Energy Conversion and Management 2006 , 47 ,
1515-1528.
8. Swami SM., Chaudhari V., Kim DS., Sim SJ., Abraham MA. Production of hydrogen
from glucose as a biomass simulant: Integrated biological and thermochemical approach.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2008 , 47 , 3645-3651.
9. Sricharoenchaikul V., Marukatat C., Atong T. Fuel production from physic nut ( Jatropha
Curcas L.) waste by fixed-bed pyrolysis process. In Proceedings of the 3rd Conference