Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10
Hydrogen Utilization in
Chemical Processes
10.1 BACKGROUND
We have reviewed hydrogen utilization for direct combustion and fuel cells
in the previous chapters. In fact, hydrogen gas has also been extensively used
in different industrial chemical processes. For example, large amounts of
hydrogen gas are required for the processing (or upgrading) of fossil fuel,
including hydrocracking and hydroprocessing. Hydrogen is also used for
chemical manufacturing processes, such as Haber process to synthesize
ammonia and other nitrogen-based fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate.
Superconductor and semiconductor industries also use hydrogen. In this
chapter, we will highlight some of the major applications of hydrogen in
these chemical processes.
10.2 HYDROGEN UTILIZATION IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
10.2.1 Hydrocracking
Hydrocracking is an important process to produce fossil fuel from crude oil
[1]. The crude oil, composed of high boiling point and high molecular weight
hydrocarbons are cracked by hydrogen gas to produce a number of low
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