Environmental Engineering Reference
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density. The advantages of metal hydrides include low pressure hydrogen
adsorption and storage, as well as less rigorous requirement for containers.
However, the thermodynamics and kinetics of metal hydrides present the
greatest challenges since the formation of metal hydride and dehydrogena-
tion process involve the formation or breaking of metal-hydrogen bonds. In
most cases, high temperatures around 120-300°C are required to release the
hydrogen, and the hydrogen adsorption and desorption rates are very slow.
Sometimes, metal hydrides with high hydrogen content cannot adsorb and
desorb hydrogen reversibly. Therefore, searching for new lightweight metal
hydrides and tuning their thermodynamic and kinetic properties are the main
research directions in this field.
As on the possibility of using hydrocarbons as a means for hydrogen
storage, it is clear that while the potential exists, it is uncertain how effective
this can be on a large scale. Further research is needed to better understand
the reaction mechanisms as well as engineering issues for practical applica-
tions. This approach still involves CO
2
, which is an environmental concern,
but is attractive since hydrocarbons can be handled easily using existing
infrastructures.
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