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OH
OH
R
1
O
CH
2
OH
O
O
Cl
O
O
Cl
R
2
O
OH
O
O
H
N
H
N
H
N
N
H
O
NH
CH
3
H
H
H
H
O
O
NH
H
O
O
H
NH
2
HO
2
C
OH
OH
HO
R
2
R
1
O
NH
2
H
balhimycin
H
3
C
O
CH
3
HO
NH
2
vancomycin
H
H
3
C
O
CH
3
NH
2
NH
2
HO
HO
chloroeremomycin
H
3
C
O
CH
3
H
3
C
O
CH
3
Scheme 2-1. Structures of important vancomycin-type glycopeptide antibiotics.
structures, the modification by semisynthetic or biotechnological approaches still
offers interesting and promising alternatives. Since its discovery, the molecular
architecture and the properties of vancomycin have fascinated many researchers
from various disciplines. Because of their significance, all scientific aspects of
glycopeptides are continuously highlighted in review articles. A selection of recent
reviews or articles can be found on the discovery and mode of action,
5
the total
synthesis,
6,7
the biosynthesis,
8,9
as well as the novel antibiotics and strategies
resistance.
10,11
to
overcome
glycopeptide
Besides
these
topics,
glycopeptides
play a key role in the field of enantioseparation
12
and as a model system for
ligand-receptor interactions.
Remarkably, it took almost 25 years to unravel the structure of glycopeptide
antibiotics. The reasons are based on the highly complex structure of glycopeptides
and the limited power of analytical methods, especially of nuclear magnetic reso-
nance (NMR) methods, by that time. With the progress in the development of NMR
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