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O
O
O
O
O
O
H
H
O
CO
2
Me
CO
2
Me
CO
2
Me
Cl
H
H
H
O
H
O
O
O
O
AcO
H
H
O
HO
HO
HO
HO
Methylsarcophytotate (
85
)
Methylchlorosarcophytotate (
86
)
Methylneosartotutate (
87
)
O
O
OH
HO
O
O
O
CO
2
Me
CO
2
Me
O
OH
CO
2
Me
OH
O
O
O
O
O
O
H
H
O
HO
Methylsartortuate (
89
)
90
Methylisosartortuate (
88
)
Figure 6-9
6.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF SARCOPHYTOL A
AND SARCOPHYTOL B
The range of biological activity that has been recorded for 14-membered-ring diter-
penoids is remarkably wide: They were found to function as insect trail phero-
mones, termite allomones, neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and anti-inflammatory and
antimitotic agents.
Sarcophytol A (3) has been reported to exhibit antitumor activity and potent
inhibitory activities against various classes of tumor promoters.
48
Both sarcophytol
A(3) and sarcophytol B (5) have been shown to be active as a potent antitumor
promoter in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model as well as an inhibitor
of the hyperplasia of mouse skin; thus, the possibility exists that the compound
inhibits chemical carcinogenesis. Furthermore with sarcophytol A (3), pancreatic
carcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosobis(2-oxypropyl) amine is blocked by
antipromotion and antiprogression processes in hamsters, and the growth of trans-
planted human pancreatic cancer cells in nude mice is suppressed. Moreover,
it was demonstrated that 3 in diet inhibited spontaneous tumor development in
organs such as the mamma, liver, and thymus; it also inhibits chemical carcino-
genesis in the colon. In those experiments, sarcophytol A (3) did not show any toxic
effect on animals. Recently, inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a)
release from cells was proposed as a mechanism of the anticarcinogenesis of
sarcophytol A (3).
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