Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
O
O
H
H
H
H
O
O
O
HO
O
H
H
2
H
R
R
HO
56
R=CO
2
H
57
R=CH
2
OH
58
R=CH
2
O-CHO
59
R=CO
2
H
O
O
60
61
H
H
H
H
OH
HO
OH
O
O
O
H
OH
H
HO
2
C
H
O
62
63
64
65
O
H
HO
COOR
O
OH
H
OH
O
O
66
67
68
R=H
69
R=CH
3
Structure 5-3. (Continued)
5.2.2.2 Essential Oils From A. annua
Essential oil from A. annua is another active research interest as it could be poten-
tially used in perfume, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. Depending on its geographical
origin, the oil yield in A. annua ranges from 0.02% to 0.49% on a fresh weight basis
and from 0.04% to 1.9% on a dry weight basis.
71
The major components in the oil
were reported to be artemisia ketone (80), isoartemisia ketone (81), 1,8-cineole
(82), and camphor (83) (Structure 5-5). GC/MS was employed to analyze the che-
mical composition in the essential oil; more than 70 constituents have been identi-
fied. For more detailed information on the oil composition of essential oil from
A. annua, the readers are referred to Refs. 65, 66 and 72-81.
5.2.2.3 Flavonoids and Coumarins From A. annua
Up to today, 46 flavonoids have been isolated from A. annua.
66,79,80,82
They are as
follows: apigenin, artemetin, astragalin, axillarin, casticin, chrysoeriol, chrysople-
netin, chrysosplenol, chrysosplenol D, 3
0
-methoxy, chrysosplenol, cirsilineol,
cirsiliol, cirsimaritin, cynaroside, eupatorin, 2
0
,4
0
,5-trihydroxy-5
0
,6,7-trimethoxy
flavone, 3
0
,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-3,4
0
-dimethoxy flavone, 3,3
0
,5-trihydroxy-4
0
,6,7-
trimethoxy flavone, 3,5-dihydroxy-3
0
,4
0
,6,7-tetramethoxy flavone, 4,5,5
0
-trihydroxy-
3,5,6,7-tetramethoxy flavone, 5-hydroxy-3,4
0
,6,7-tetramethoxy flavone, 5-hydroxy-3,4
0
,
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