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OH
H
HO
N
O
O
OH
O
O
O
N
H
O
N
O
O
O
Yingzhaosu A (
2
)
( From
Artabotrys
hexapetalu
(LF) Bhand)
Qinghaosu (
1
)
Artemisinin
( From
Artemisia annua
. L.)
Febrifugine (
9
)
( From
Dichroa febrifuga
Lour)
COR
2
CHO
MeO
HO
OMe
OH
OH
HO
OH HO
OH
H
3
CO
(i)H
7
C
3
OC
R
1
OC
COR
3
COC
4
H
9
(i)
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
Agrimols (
3
)
( From
Agrimonia pilosa
L.)
Robustanol (
4
)
( From
Eucalyptus robusta
Sm )
OH
O
O
HO
O
O
OH
O
M
OH
N
N
OH
R
S
S
O
R
′
O
O
O
O
M= Zn
M= Cu
N
HH
Protopine (
5
)
( From
Nandina domestica
T. )
=O (
6
)
Bruceine E R =OH, R
Bruceine D R, R
′
Anluosu (
8
)
( From
Polyalthia
nemoralis
A.(DC)
=H (
7
)
(From
Brucea javanica
(L) Merr)
′
Structure 5-1. Some antimalarial natural products from traditional Chinese herbs.
herb qinghao in the 1970s after the cooperative hard work of several research
groups from several provinces.
Qinghao has been used as a traditional medicine for at least 2000 years in China.
The earliest written record in silk so far discovered is the Recipes for 52 Kinds of
Diseases, which was unearthed from the Mawangdui Tomb of the West Han
Dynasty (168
BC
) in Changsha, Hunan Province. Figure 5-1 shows the weed qin-
ghao in bloom with a yellow flower and the Chinese characters qinghao taken
from this unearthed piece of silk. In this record, qinghao was used for the treatment
of hemorrhoids. The first record of qinghao for the treatment of malaria (fever) was
described in The Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency Treatments written by
Ge Hong (281-340
AD
) (Figure 5-2). Since then, a series of Chinese medicine
topics, including the most famous book, Compendium of Medical Herbs (Bencao
Gangmu) by Li Shizhen in 1596, described the application of qinghao for fever
remedy. Practically qinghao have been widely used for the treatment of fever and
other diseases, especially in the countryside. Therefore, the phytochemical groups
of Program 523 paid special attention to this herb, and in the early 1970s, three
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