Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
STAGES OF FRACTURE REPAIR
Initial Injury
Inflammation
RELATIVE TIMES
Endochondral Formation
Primary Bone Formation
Secondary Bone Formation
Periosteal Response
Cartilage Resorption
Coupled Remodeling
Cytokines
M-CSF
IL-a
IL-1b
IL-6
IL-11
RANKL
OPG
INF-
γ
TNF-
α
TRAIL
VEG1
Morphogens
TGF-
b1
TGF-
b2
TGF-
b3
BMP-2
BMP-3
BMP-4
BMP-5
BMP-6
BMP-7
BMP-8a
GDF-1
GDF-5
GDF-8
GDF-10
Ihh
PTHrP
Wtn 4
Wtn 5b
Wtn 10b
Wtn 11
Proteases
MMP-2
MMP-8
MMP-9
MMP-13
MMMP-14
Angiogenic
VEGF
A
VEGF
B
VEGF
C
VEGF
D
Ang
1
Ang
2
