Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
regeneration uses physical movement, includ-
ing distraction osteogenesis, orthodontic tooth
movement, and implant osseointegration. The
relationship between motion and these three
types of bone regeneration have been discussed
in this chapter. At the beginning of distraction
osteogenesis, high strain (
12. Butler WT, Ridall AL, McKee MD (1996) Osteopon-
tin. In: Bilezikian JP, Raisz L, Rodan GA, eds. Prin-
ciples of Bone Biology. Academic Press, San Diego,
pp 167-182.
13. Caplan A (1991) Mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop
Res 9:641-650.
14. Carter D (1987) Mechanical loading history and skel-
etal biology. J Biomech 20:1095-1109.
15. Carter DR, Beaupre GS, Giori NJ, Helms JA (1998)
Mechanobiology of skeletal regeneration. Clin
Orthop Relat Res 355:S41-S55.
16. Carter DG, Giori NJ (1990) Effect of mechanical
stress on tissue differentiation in bony implant bed.
In: Davies J, ed. The Bone-Biomaterial Interface. Uni-
versity of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp 367-379.
17. Celil AH, Hollinger JO, Campbell PG (2005) Osx tran-
scriptional regulation is mediated by additional
pathways to BMP2/Smad signaling. J Cell Biochem
95:518-528.
18. Chien SSJ (1998) Effects of hemodynamic forces on
gene expression and signal transduction in endothe-
lial cells. Biol Bull 194:390-393.
19. Chow JW, Fox SW, Lean JM, Chambers TJ (1998) Role
of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in mechanically
induced bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 13:
1039-1044.
20. Chow JW, Jagger CJ, Chambers TJ (1993) Character-
ization of osteogenic response to mechanical stimu-
lation in cancellous bone of rat caudal vertebrae. Am
J Physiol 265:E340-E347.
21. Claes L, Eckert-Hubner K, Augat P (2002) The effect
of mechanical stability on local vascularization and
tissue differentiation in callus healing. J Orthop Res
20:1099-1105.
22. Clark RAF (1988) The Molecular and Cellular Biology
of Wound Repair, 2nd ed. Plenum Press, New York.
23. Colleran PN, Wilkerson MK, Bloomfi eld SA, Suva LJ,
Turner RT, Delp MD (2000) Alternatives in skeletal
perfusion with simulated microgravity: a possible
mechanism for bone remodeling. J Appl Physiol 89:
1046-1054.
24. Connolly JF, Hahn H, Davy D (1978) Fracture healing
in weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing bones. J
Trauma 18:766-770.
25. Cope JBS, Mikhail L (2000) Regenerate bone forma-
tion and remodeling during mandibular osteodis-
traction. Angle Ortho 70:99-111.
26. Ducy P, Desbois C, Boyce B, Pinero G, Story B,
Dunstan C, Smith E, Bonadio J, Goldstein S, Gund-
berg C, Bradley A, Karsenty G (1996) Increased bone
formation in osteocalcin-defi cient mice. Nature 382:
448-452.
27. Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, Ridall AL, Karsenty G
(1997) Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of
osteoblast differentiation. Cell 89:747-754.
28. Egger EL, Gottsauner-Wolf F, Palmer J, Aro HT, Chao
EY (1993) Effects of axial dynamization on bone
healing. J Trauma 34:185-192.
29. Escobar V, Epker BN (1998) Alveolar bone growth in
response to endosteal implants in two patients with
ectodermal dysplasia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg
27:445-447.
30. Evans GL, Morey-Holton E, Turner RT (1998) Space-
fl ight has compartment- and gene-specifi c effects on
mRNA levels for bone matrix proteins in rat femur.
J Appl Physiol 84:2132-2137.
) is required to
regenerate large amounts of collagen substrate.
Once the ECM induces mineralization, the
effective strain level decreases to the range of
500
>
0
.
1
to
3000
µε
. Extremely low effective strain
(
) was identifi ed for dental implants at
early stages of healing. The alveolar ridge is
more susceptible to tensile stress stimuli,
whereas long bone responds to shear stress.
70
µε
References
1. Altuna GW, Walker DA, Freeman E (1995) Surgically
assisted-rapid orthopedic lengthening of the maxilla
in primates: relapse following distraction osteogen-
esis. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg 10:269-275.
2. Baron RR, Ravesloot JH, Neff L, Chakraborty M,
Chatterjee D, Lomri A, Horne WC (1993) Cellular and
molecular biology of the osteoclast. In: Noda M, ed.
Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone. Academic
Press, San Diego, pp 446-495.
3. Beaupré GS, Orr TE, Carter DR (1990) An approach
for time-dependent bone modeling and remodel-
ing—theoretical development. J Orthop Res 8:
651-661.
4. Bilezikian JP, Raisz L, Rodan GA (2002) Principles of
Bone Biology, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego.
5. Block MS, Kent J, Guerra LR (1997) Implants in Den-
tistry W.B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia.
6. Bolander M (1994) Regulation of fracture repair and
synthesis of matrix macromolecules. In: Brighton
CT, Friedlaender GE, Lane JM. eds. Bone Formation
and Repair. American Academy of Orthopaedic Sur-
geons, Rosemont, IL. pp 185-196.
7. Bonewald L (2002) Osteocytes: a proposed multi-
functional bone cell. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Inter-
act 2:239-241.
8. Borodkin JL, Eadie JS, Choi K, Hollister SJ, Goldstein
SA (1994) The effect of mechanical stimuli on bone
ingrowth into porous coated implants. In: 40th
Meeting ORS, New Orleans, p 582.
9. Boskey A (1989) Noncollagenous matrix proteins and
their role in mineralization. Bone Miner 6:111-123.
10. Brault VM, Moore R, Kutsch S, Ishibashi M, Rowitch
DH, McMahon AP, Sommer L, Boussadia O, Kemler
R (2001) Inactivation of the
β
-catenin gene by Wnt1-
Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain mal-
formation and failure of craniofacial development.
Development 128:1265-1273.
11. Broadus AE, Stewart AF (1996) Parathyroid hormone-
related protein: structure, processing, and physio-
logical actions. In: Bilezikian JP, Levine AM, Marcus
R, eds. The Parathyroids. Raven Press, New York, pp
259-294.
