Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
[69], again underscoring that the “way” to reduce noise can be found if the “will” is
there.
Machines and other frequently used tools and products produce noise. Noise
from these sources can be mitigated by improved design and proper mainte-
nance. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection lists on its
website those machines and types of building equipment that produce less noise
(www.nyc.dep) and, as a result, intrude less on the quality of life of those residing
near construction sites. Similarly, within the European Union, sound labeling pro-
vides consumers with information about the noise emissions of products considered
for purchase. According to several different EU directives, most consumer products
must display an EU Energy Label when offered for sale. This label contains, among
other things, information about the noise emitted by the product [70].
4.9.2.2 Noise Mitigation Along the Path of Transmission
Protecting the individual from the source of noise is another approach to mitigat-
ing environmental noise. Architects have had a major role in designing buildings
in a way that protect inhabitants from sources of noise from within and outside
the structure; such protection is vital as our modern cities grow more compact and
dense. Increased transportation (air, rail, road) demands technology to protect peo-
ple from the noise that has accompanied this growth in travel. Barriers have been
erected alongside highways to limit noise of passing cars; homes near airports have
installed double-glazed windows and air conditioning to limit noise from external
sources; and air traffic and flight operations can be designed to carry less noise to
residential communities. According to Owens-Corning, homes should be acousti-
cally attractive as well as visually pleasing. Owens-Corning recognizes that certain
rooms in the house may be noisier, e.g., laundry rooms and rooms in which children
practice on musical instruments. There is also recognition that certain rooms require
quiet, e.g., offices and bedrooms. Owens-Corning has developed a set of products
for the home that will control noise originating outside the home as well as noise
arising within the home and moving from one room to another [71].
Concert halls, theaters, and movie theaters are venues that require a quiet envi-
ronment for enjoyment of the performances and so they receive acoustical treatment
to keep out external noises. Hospitals and schools are treated acoustically to mini-
mize both external and internal noise; this may be costly, but the adverse effects of
noise upon health and well-being may lead to greater health care and educational
costs.
4.9.2.3 Noise Mitigation at the Receiver
Environmental noise is an inescapable part of our modern society but judging from
the articles reporting on noise in our national parks and quiet areas, it has become
increasingly difficult to escape. As people walk down major thoroughfares, ride in
subways, travel in noisy jets, or attend rock concerts, they have learned to depend
on ear plugs or other personal noise attenuating devices to protect themselves from
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