Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 7.12
Normalized
pentachlorophenol
concentrations in effluent
from CMAS and ICAAS
systems at different bulk
volumetric bioaugmentation
ratios [6], Reprinted by
permission of the publisher
At 10% bioaugmentation by volume, the cumulative mass of PCP in the effluent of
ICAAS was about 50% less than that of CMAS. The results further indicated that
PCP biodegradation and adsorption took place in the ICAAS systems but biodegra-
dation by the bioaugemented entrapped cells was the main removal mechanism.
7.3.2 Site Remediation
7.3.2.1 Calcium Alginate Entrapped Cell Bioaugmentation
There have been four studies on CA entrapped cell bioaugmentation for site remedi-
ation. The target contaminants were atrazine, nitrate, PCP, coumaphos, chlorferon,
and diethylthiophosphate (Table 7.2). Calcium alginate entrapped cells were bioaug-
mented for removing contaminants in soil, groundwater and infiltrate. Siripattanakul
et al. [45] studied the use of CA entrapped cell bioaugmentation for denitrifying syn-
thetic agricultural infiltrate using a laboratory sand column setup at 20
2
◦
C. The
CA entrapped cells achieved nitrate removal of more than 90%within 8 hr compared
to about 50% by corresponding free denitrifiers.
±
7.3.2.2 Polyvinyl Alcohol Entrapped Cell Bioaugmentation
Only a few studies dealing with the uses of PVA entrapped cell bioaugmentation for
site remediation have been reported. As presented in Table 7.2, PVA entrapped cell
bioaugmentation was used for phenanthrene, pyrene, and atrazine treatment in soil
and infiltrate [7, 54, 75]. Phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol entrapped cell bioaug-
mentation is a potential method for site remediation since the matrix is durable and
has no negative effects on microorganisms and environment [4, 21, 57].
Siripattanakul et al. [7] introduced a PPVA entrapped cell bioaugmentation
scheme for removing atrazine in agricultural infiltrate and in turn protecting
groundwater quality. In their laboratory-scale sand column study,
Agrobacterium
