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In-Depth Information
Table 1.
Perceived emotions by shape of mouth region
Happy Eyes
Sad Eyes
HN
HS
p<0.01
SN
SH
p<0.01
Country
Design
boy 1
3.87
2.53 **
1.79
4.43 **
Japan
boy 2
3.17
2.4 **
3.02
4.94 **
girl
3.66
2.36 **
1.47
3.94 **
boy 1
3.06
2.25 **
2.35
4.57 **
Hungary
boy 2
2.55
2.16 **
2.87
4.77 **
girl
3.13
1.87 **
2.76
4.74 **
Table 2.
Perceived emotions by shape of eye region
Happy mouth
Sad mouth
NH
SH
p<0.01
NS
HS
p<0.01
Country
Design
boy 1
5.47
4.43 **
3
2.53
Japan
boy 2
4.75
4.94
2.75
2.4
girl
5.58
3.94 **
2.72
2.36
boy 1
5.32
4.77
2.48
2.35
Hungary
boy 2
4.32
4.77
2.58
2.16 **(opposite)
girl
5.42
4.74
2.61
1.87 **(opposite)
4 Discussion
First, we examined the results by categorizing the facial regions. The results from 3.1
suggest cultural differences in the perceived emotions in the happy eyes, sad eyes, and
sad mouth categories in the expected direction. The highest happiness ratings in the
happy mouth category in both countries suggest that the mouth region more
effectively conveys the emotions of the facial expressions than the eye region. The
mouth's effectiveness is understandable since the mouth is the most expressive part of
the face, since it is evolved as a primary means of verbal communication [17, 18]
while the eyes are more difficult to control than the mouth when people express
emotions.
Second, we examined the results by the combined expressions. The results from
3.2 again indicated cultural differences in the expected direction in the hypothesis.
