Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.4
Summary of performances of organic tandem solar cell devices using different ICL
designs
ICL
Bottom Cell
Top Cell
PCE
(%)
J
sc
(mA cm
-2
)
V
oc
(V)
FF
(%)
Ref
Au
H
2
PC/Me-PTC
H
2
PC/Me-PTC
*1
-
0.78
-
[
137
]
Ag
CuPc/PTCBI
CuPc/PTCBI
2.30
6.5
0.93
38.0
[
138
]
a
Au
P3HT/PC
61
BM
ZnPc:C
60
2.30
4.8
1.02
45.0
[
139
]
b
n-doped C
60
/Au/p-doped
MeO-TPD
ZnPc:C
60
ZnPc:C
60
3.80
12.0
0.99
47.0
[
140
]
BPhen:Li/Au/
MTDATA:F4-TCNQ
P3HT:PC
61
BM
CuPc/C
60
1.20
2.5
0.99
47.0
[
141
]
4.60
c
Al/WO
3
P3HT:PC
61
BM
CuPc:C
60
-
-
-
[
142
]
LiF/Al/MoO
3
P3HT:PC
61
BM
CuPc:C
60
2.82
6.1
1.01
46.2
[
143
]
ITO/PEDOT:PSS
MDMO-
PPV:PC
61
BM
MDMO-
PPV:PC
61
BM
3.10
4.1
1.34
56.4
[
144
]
LiF/Al/Au/PEDOT:PSS
PFDTBT/PC
61
BM
PTBEHT/PC
61
BM
1.40
0.9
55
57.0
[
145
]
ZnO/neutral PEDOT
MDMO-
PPV:PC
61
BM
P3HT:PC
61
BM
1.90
3.0
1.53
42.0
[
146
]
TiO
2
/Al/PEDOT:PSS
P3HT:PC
71
BM
PSBDTBT:PC
71
BM
5.84
7.4
1.25
63.2
[
147
]
TiO
x
/PEDOT:PSS
PCPDTBT:PC
61
BM
P3HT:PC
71
BM
6.50
7.8
1.24
67.0
[
12
]
MoO
3
/Al/ZnO(Inverted)
P3HT:PC
61
BM
PSBDTBT:PC
71
BM
5.10
7.8
1.20
54.1
[
149
]
MoO
3
/Ag/Al/Ca (Inverted)
P3HT:PC
61
BM
P3HT:PC
61
BM
2.78
3.81
1.18
61.8
[
150
]
efficient tandem devices. Inappropriate design of the ICL could lead to electrical or
optical losses which would in turn result in the loss of performance, and most
notably the loss of V
OC
. The role of the ICL in tandem devices is threefold: (1) it
should efficiently collect electrons from one subcell and holes from another sub-
cell; (2) it should act as an efficient recombination zone so that charge accumu-
lation in this layer is minimized; (3) for all solution-processed tandem devices, it
should also act as effective separation layer to protect the bottom cell from dis-
solving during processing of the top cell.
In this section, we focus on the design and fabrication of ICLs in organic
tandem solar cells since the most important interfacial engineering problems are
related to this layer. The summary of organic tandem solar cell performance using
different ICL designs is listed in Table
3.4
.
3.4.1 Thermally Evaporated ICL
In small molecule tandem cells, the acceptor layer of bottom cell and the donor
layer of the top cell can be completely separated to prevent formation of an inverse
p-n junction by the simple incorporation of an ultra-thin layer of Au [
137
]orAg
[
138
]. However, if a thin layer of metal is used as ICL in a tandem cell with at least
one polymer BHJ as subcell, the interlayer contacts both the acceptor and donor
domains of the BHJ, making the selective extraction of electrons or holes from the
polymer BHJ impossible. To overcome this problem, diffused bilayer polymer
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