Environmental Engineering Reference
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Fig. 9.12 J-V Characteristics and the device parameters versus nanorod lengths. Reproduced
with permission from Ref. [ 85 ]
Fig. 9.13 a Schematic of the
hybrid device, b molecular
structure of the organic dye.
Reproduced with permission
from Ref. [ 89 ]
rate in ZnO nanorods array-based device was found to be over two orders of
magnitude slower than that of device based on ZnO nanoparticles [ 91 ]. Although
many efforts have been done to optimize the morphologies of the active layers for
the ZnO nanorod and nanowire arrays based HSCs [ 92 - 97 ], the PCEs of such
devices were still very low, typically lower than 1 %. Similar to TiO 2 nanotube
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