Environmental Engineering Reference
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Fig. 9.12 J-V Characteristics and the device parameters versus nanorod lengths. Reproduced
with permission from Ref. [
85
]
Fig. 9.13 a Schematic of the
hybrid device, b molecular
structure of the organic dye.
Reproduced with permission
from Ref. [
89
]
rate in ZnO nanorods array-based device was found to be over two orders of
magnitude slower than that of device based on ZnO nanoparticles [
91
]. Although
many efforts have been done to optimize the morphologies of the active layers for
the ZnO nanorod and nanowire arrays based HSCs [
92
-
97
], the PCEs of such
devices were still very low, typically lower than 1 %. Similar to TiO
2
nanotube
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