Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
and Municipal Sludge
Milenko Roš
Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors
Gregor D. Zupan
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i
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Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors
contents
32.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 748
32.2
Waste and Wastewater Pollution ......................................................................................... 749
32.2.1
Types of Waste Pollution ...................................................................................... 749
32.2.2
Types of Water Pollution ...................................................................................... 750
32.2.2.1
Point Source Pollution .......................................................................... 750
32.2.2.2
Diffuse Pollution ................................................................................... 750
32.3
Waste Treatment ................................................................................................................. 751
32.3.1
Waste Treatment ................................................................................................... 751
32.3.1.1 Composting ........................................................................................... 751
32.3.1.2
Passive Composting .............................................................................. 754
32.3.1.3
Natural Composting .............................................................................. 754
32.3.1.4
Moisture and Heat ................................................................................ 754
32.3.1.5
Industrial and Agricultural Composting .............................................. 755
32.3.2
Anaerobic Digestion ............................................................................................. 755
32.3.2.1
Biochemical Reactions in Anaerobic Digestion ................................... 755
32.3.2.2
Factors That Affect Anaerobic Digestion ............................................. 757
32.3.3
Anaerobic Digestion Technology ......................................................................... 761
32.3.3.1
Substrates and Pretreatment ................................................................. 761
32.3.3.2
Anaerobic Digestion Process ................................................................ 764
32.3.3.3
Batch Processes .................................................................................... 764
32.3.3.4
Continuous Processes ........................................................................... 766
32.3.3.5
Flow-Through Processes ....................................................................... 767
32.3.3.6
Posttreatment and Substrate Use .......................................................... 767
32.3.3.7
Biogas Production, Storage, Treatment, and Use ................................. 768
32.4
Wastewater Treatment ........................................................................................................ 772
32.4.1
Agriculture Wastewater Treatment ....................................................................... 772
32.4.1.1
Solids Removal ..................................................................................... 772
32.4.1.2
Removal of Biodegradable Organics .................................................... 772
32.4.1.3
Treatment of Other Organics ................................................................ 773
32.4.1.4
Treatment of Toxic Materials ................................................................ 773
32.4.2
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ....................................................................... 773
32.4.2.1
Wastewater Characteristics ................................................................... 774
32.4.2.2
Volumetric Loading .............................................................................. 774
747
