Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
20
Soybean
Babu Valliyodan
University of Missouri
Jeong-Dong Lee
Kyungpook National University
Grover J. Shannon and Henry T. Nguyen
University of Missouri
contents
20.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 503
20.2 Brief History of Soybean Production and Oil Improvement .............................................. 504
20.3 Soybean Oil Quantity ......................................................................................................... 507
20.4 Palmitic Acid ...................................................................................................................... 508
20.5 Stearic Acid ........................................................................................................................ 511
20.6 Oleic Acid ........................................................................................................................... 512
20.7 Linoleic Acid ...................................................................................................................... 513
20.8 Linolenic Acid .................................................................................................................... 514
20.9 Environmental Effect on Oil and Fatty Acid Concentration in Soybean ........................... 515
20.10 Genetic Engineering for Bioenergy Traits in Soybean ....................................................... 516
20.11 Conclusions and Future Perspectives.................................................................................. 517
Acknow ledgment ........................................................................................................................... 518
References ...................................................................................................................................... 518
20.1 IntroductIon
Bioenergy, the energy derived from biomass, cannot substitute entirely for fossil fuels given present
agricultural practices, but it can help to reduce the use of fossil fuels to a certain extent. The main
type of bioenergy production is the burning of solid materials or liquid biofuel derived from major
bioenergy crops. These diverse and sustainable bioenergy crops will noticeably improve global
energy security and environmental benefits. In the United States, most ethanol is produced from
corn whereas biodiesel is made from soybean oil or recycled cooking oils. Production and usage of
biodiesel, fatty acid alkyl esters, has become more attractive because of its environment friendliness
and their origin from the renewable resources (Shieh et al. 2003). Alkali-catalyzed transesterifica-
tion of oil or fatty acids with the help of an alcohol is the base reaction and produces fatty acid
methyl esters and glycerol. Through using the biocatalysts or the enzymatic biodiesel, production
has more commercial potential than the complete chemical approach (Hass et al. 2002; Shieh et al.
2003; Tan et al. 2010). Soybean oil has been broadly studied as a raw material for fatty acid methyl
ester biodiesel production by transesterification (Abreu et al. 2003; Suppes et al. 2004; Sensoz and
503
