Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
taBle 17.1
Installed capacity, Peak demand, and reserve margin (2007)
electricity Gross
Generation
electricity
consumption
Installed
capacityc
Peak
demand
reserve
margin
region
GWh
%
GWh
%
mW
mW
%
Peninsular
Malaysia
92,055
90.9
81,710
91.5
20,047
13,620
47
Sarawak
Grid
Non-grid
5,274
5,043
231
5.2
5.0
0.2
4,271
4,087
184
4.8
4.6
0.2
968
900
68
833
791
42
16
14
62
Sabah
WC grid
EC grid
Sabah grid
Non-grid
3,996
1,251
686
2,016
43
3.9
1.2
0.7
2.0
0.0
3,317
1,075
542
1,669
31
3.7
1.2
0.6
1.9
0.0
-
520
315
838
3
-
406
206
625
10
-
28
53
34
-
Total
101,325
100.0
89,298
100.0
-
-
-
Source: PTM, National Energy Balance, 2007, 2009.
WC grid, West Coast grid; EC grid, East Coast grid.
Sabah
Peninsular
Malaysia
Sarawak
FIGure 17.3 (see color insert)
Map of Malaysia.
17.3 malaysIa's oIl Palm Industry
The palm tree was first introduced into Malaysia from West Africa in the late 1870s (Darus 2002).
The palm species, Elaeis guineensis , was originally planted as an ornamental plant, and the first
commercial planting was undertaken on a small scale in 1917. The oil palm was not commercially
cultivated in large scale until the 1960s when the government's crops diversification program
promoted it to avoid overdependence on another commodity, natural rubber. Since then, the palm
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