Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
taBle 8.3
estimate of Biodiesel Production capacity 2005-2010
south america
country
eu
Germany
united states
canada
Brazil
argentina
Primary feed
85% rapeseed
Rapeseed
Soybean
Canola
Soybean
Soybeans
Percent crop to fuels
N20%
N13%
Tallow
2005 operating units
137
110
4
10
New units planned
179
Many
Many
2005 capacity, MGPY
a
960
250
30
18
2006 capacity, MGPY
a
900
400
“2010” capacity, MGPY
a
528
164
a
million gallons per year
taBle 8.4
Partial list of announced capacity for commercial Production of hrd
Feedstock
location
Producer
technology
mgal/year
start-up
d
Jatropha
Portugal
GALP
Ecoining
c
95
2011
Mixed
Italy
Eni Spa
Ecoining
c
95
2012
Palm oil
Finland
Neste
NExBTL
a
56
2008
Palm oil
Singapore
Neste
NExBTL
a
264
2011
Animal fats
Louisiana, United States
Dynamic Fuels
Bio-SynFining
b
75
2010
Mixed/petroleum
Brazil
PetroBras
H-Bio
e
NA
2006
Mixed/petroleum
Ireland
ConocoPhillips
ConocoPhillips
e
14
2006
5% tallow
Australia
BP
Co-processing
34
2008
NA, not applicable.
a
Neste Oil Company
b
Syntroleum
c
Eni/UOP
d
estimated from press releases
e
PetroBras and ConocoPhillips are co-processing vegetable oil (soy, sunflower, palm, animal fat, etc.)
Most of the early units to come on stream (ConocoPhillips, PetroBras, and BP Australia) co-processed
small percentages of fats and oils in existing petroleum HDS units. The remaining units are advanced
hydroprocessing technologies designed to process feedstock that is 100% renewable fat and oil.
Although the social, economic, and regulatory issues associated with expanded production of
HRD and HRJ are outside of the scope of this chapter, it is crucial that future commercialization
efforts focus on sustainable methods of producing feedstock.
To support this effort, industry participants including commercial airlines have formed a consortium
that have set criteria that are complementary to emerging internationally recognized standards such as
those being developed by the Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels. These criteria are
• Feedstock sources should be developed in a manner that is noncompetitive with food and
in which biodiversity impacts are minimized. In addition, the cultivation of those plant
sources should not jeopardize drinking water supplies.
• Total life-cycle GHG emissions from plant growth, harvesting, processing, and end use should be
significantly reduced compared with those associated with hydrocarbon fuels from fossil sources.
