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Fig. 14.4: The DNA Hopfield memory was seeded with nearly ideal input contain-
ing one error (essentially mild corruption). The Hopfield memory converged to the
correct fixed point after some four iterations.
Fig. 14.5: Totally corrupted input results in local minimum of the neural network, as
expected, i.e., the complement of the ideal input retrieves the complement result of
the ideal input. This behavior corresponds exactly to that of the Hopfield memories
implemented on conventional media (in silico).
14.5 Conclusions and Future Work
We have shown that DNA oligonucleotides can be effectively manipulated by cur-
rently available biotechnology in order to produce good (perhaps nearly
optimal) models of complex systems such as neuronal ensembles, in such a way
that the optimality criteria embedded in the phenomenon inherited by the corre-
sponding system. These criteria may include fault tolerance, both in experimental
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