Advances Toward Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation - Computational Neuroscience - page 246

prevents internal activity of single neurons from being expressed at the output, thus
causing an “informational lesion,” while Feng et al. [39] use a model by Terman
et al. [149] to test a novel method of stimulus administration. Also, in response to
in vitro studies of the rat GPe and STN [120], Humphries and Gurney [70] design
models that reproduce the oscillatory and bursting modality of the neural circuits.
In addition, an analog CMOS model of Parkinsonian activity has been investigated
by Sridhar [142].
13.10 Summary
Overall, various methods for implementing a closed-loop neuromodulator have been
presented including conceptual schemes in simulation as well as hardware designs
facilitating the goal. Also, both experimental and simulation studies have provided
some insight into the neural mechanisms involved in the success of DBS. However,
there remains a need for some performance criteria in deciding which method of
closed-loop DBS will be the most successful. To this end, some preliminary com-
parisons of computational complexity are merely a starting point. What is needed
is a rigorous test on animal and human subjects including quantitative measures of
success in reducing symptoms while avoiding side effects. Ultimately, the progress
will depend on what is (or is not) approved by organizations such as the United
States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [119].
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