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behavioral science. It is one step further to understanding the quantitative mecha-
nisms of complex cognition and provides an alternative way to connect the brain's
function with overt behavioral phenomena. We believe this current model is a firm
step in this direction.
Appendix 1
Parameters setting at Hicog and PM server
•
A
Hicog-symbol
: minimal value of the processing time of task 2 entity in Hicog
server. Since choice reaction time (RT) of four alternatives can be reduced to RT
of two alternatives with practice, after intensive practice, RT of eight alternative
choices in Van Selst's experiment will reduce to RT of four alternatives with-
out intensive practice.
A
Hicog-symbol
equals the RT of four alternatives (Hick's
Law, intercept:150 ms, slope:170 ms/bit, Schmidt, 1988) minus one average per-
ception cycle (100 ms), two cognitive cycles (2
×
70 ms), and one motor cycle
(70 ms) [10]. Therefore,
A
Hicog-symbol
=
150
+
170
×
Log2
(
4
)
−
100
−
2
×
−
=
70
70
180 ms.
•
B
Hicog-symbol
: change of processing time of task 2 entity in Hicog server at the
beginning and end of practice. At the beginning of the practice in single task 2,
RT of the eight alternatives (Hick's Law, intercept:150 ms, slope:170 ms/bit) is
composed of one perception cycle (100 ms), maximum processing time at Hicog
(A
Hicog-symbol
+
B
Hicog-symbol
), and one motor cycle (70 ms) [10]. There-
fore,
B
Hicog-symbol
=
150
+
170
×
Log2
(
8
)
−
100
−
A
Hicog-symbol
−
70
=
170 ms.
•
α
Hicog-symbol
,
α
Hicog-tone
: learning rate of Hicog server in processing the
task 2 and task 1 entities. Based on
001 approximately in Heathcote et al.'s
[18] study, learning difficulty increased four times because of the four incompat-
ible alternatives. Thus,
α
=
0
.
α
Hicog-symbol
=
α
Hicog-tone
=
0
.
001
/
4
=
1
/
4
,
000.
•
A
Hicog-tone
: minimal value of the processing time of task 1 entity in central
executive. After intensive practice, the discrimination task of the two classes of
tones in Van Selst's (1999) experiment can be simplified into a choice reaction
time of two alternatives, requiring the minimum value of one cognitive cycle
(25 ms) [10].
•
B
Hicog-tone
: change of processing time of task 1 entity in Hicog at the beginning
and end of practice. At the beginning of the single task 1, the reaction time to dis-
criminate the two classes of tone is 642 ms, which is composed of one perception
cycle (100 ms), two cognitive cycles (70
×
2ms),(A
Hicog-tone
+
B
Hicog-tone
),
and one motor cycle (70 ms). Therefore,
B
Hicog-tone
=
642
−
100
−
2
×
70
−
A
Hicog-tone
−
70
=
307 ms.
•
A
PM-symbol
: minimal value of the processing time of task 2 entity in PM. After
intensive practice, RT of the eight alternative choices in Van Selst's experiment
will transform to RT of eight most compatible alternatives (RT
217 ms, Schmidt,
1988) which is composed of one perception cycle and one motor cycle. There-
fore,
A
PM-symbol
=
=
