Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6 (continued)
BG
measures
Installation cost
Maintenance cost
Constructed/
arti
cial
wetlands
Small-scale wetland with an inlet
pond, macrophyte zone, bypass weir
and channel: $90
-
$100/m
2
. Larger-
scale wetland to treat recirculated lake
water: $65/m
2
Wetlands typically cost 2
-
6 % of the
construction cost to maintain each
year. Smaller wetlands are cheaper to
maintain (Environmental Protection
Agency, Victoria
2008
)
(Leinster
2004
)
Rainwater
harvesting
The capital cost of an RWH system
can range from $1.50 to $3.00 per
gallon of storage (for simple systems)
to $3.5
-
$8 per gallon for more
sophisticated systems (US EPA
2013
)
Total Annual cost of primary routine
maintenance and corrective activities
associated with cisterns was estimated
at around $1000 (WERF
2009
;US
EPA
2013
)
Urban green
spaces
A study on the cost-bene
t performance of street and park trees in
five US cities
from different States (McPherson et al.
2005
) estimated total annual municipal
expenditures for tree planting and ongoing maintenance to range from $15 to $65
per tree (McPherson et al.
2005
)
Example 2
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