Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6 Indicative costs of multiple-use perspectives and techniques
BG
measures
Installation cost
Maintenance cost
Green roofs
10$/sq. ft. (extensive green roof) and
25$/sq. ft. (Intensive green roof) (US
EPA
2014a
,
b
)
0.75
-
$1.50$/sq. ft. annually (US EPA
2014a
,
b
)
Living walls
The cost of materials of a living wall
ranges from $60 to $90 per sq. ft.
However, the overall cost (plants, soil
irrigation, installation) of construction
could reach double this amount.
(Continuing Education Centre
2014
)
Showcase: Large-scale outdoor green
wall hydroponic, 2009 The wall is
206 sq. m. with a total cost of
$350,000 (158 $/sq. ft.) (DEPI
2014
)
Pruning and panels adjustment :14.41
€
($19.81)/m
2
/year (Perini and Rosasco
2013
)
Irrigation: 0.96
($1.32)/m
2
/year
€
Panels
replacement
(5 %): 6.05
€
($8.32)/m
2
/year
Plant species replacement (10 %): 2.75
€
($3.78)/m
2
/year
Pipes replacement (irrigation system):
2.85
€
($3.92)/m
2
/year
Total Maintenance cost : 27
€
($37.11)/
m
2
/year (2.5
€
($3.4)/sq. ft./year))
Permeable
paving
1. Porous Concrete: $2.00 to $6.50/sq. ft.
2. Porous Asphalt: $0.50 to $1.00/sq. ft.
3.
Annual maintenance
costs
about
1
2 % of the construction cost
(Prince George
'
s County, Maryland
2014
)
-
Interlocking Pavers:
$5.00
to
$10.00/sq.
ft.
(University
of
Maryland Extension
2011
)
20$/m
2
Grass swale ($/m
2
/yr)
$9.00 Vegetated
Swales/
bioswales
Swales: 15
-
(Fletcher et al.
$2.50
—
($/m
2
/yr)
2003
)
Swale
swales
bioretention
systems:
(initial)
$1.50 Vegetated swales ($/m
2
/yr)
(after 5 yrs) (Lloyd et al.
2002
)
$100
120/linear metre including
vegetation (for this system the
lter
zone has a width of 1 m and the swale
has a top width of 3
-
4 m) (Leinster
2004
)
-
Buffer/
lter
strips
$10
-
$15/sq. meter
—
Sydney Grass
Typical maintenance costs are about
$350/acre/year (US EPA
2014b
)
buffer strip
$20
Native grasses
and shrubs (URS
2003
)
-
$50/sq. meter
—
Rain
gardens
Cost will vary depending on the
garden
The Typical Annual Maintenance cost
is
'
s
size
and
the
types
of
7 % of the
construction cost. Maintenance costs
are likely to be higher in the
first few
years due to the intensive effort needed
to establish the system (Environmental
Protection Agency, Victoria
2008
)
estimated
as
5
-
vegetation
used;
however,
professional
installation of
a
rain
garden typically costs $10
$12/sq. ft.
(Charles River Watershed Association
2008
)
-
Retention/
detention
ponds
Typical construction costs in 2004
dollars range from approximately
$25,000 to $50,000 per acre-foot of
storage. (Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Protection
2006
)
Annual cost of maintenance (especially
sediment
and vegetation
removal)
estimated at 3
5 % of construction
costs (Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Protection
2006
)
(continued)
-
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