Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Box 1.3.
The link between biodiversity and ecological function
Insects are an incredibly diverse group of animals that, by performing different
ecological functions, provides valuable services to agriculture. The following three
examples illustrate how a diverse range of insects contributes to a diverse range of
ecological functions, all of which are critical to maintaining healthy ecosystems.
1. Pollination
Pollination of crop monocultures such as canola in Australia relies heavily on the
European Honey Bee
Apis mellifera
. Native insects, such as syrphid flies, can also
pollinate some crops. Importantly, high-quality remnant vegetation provides refuge
for insect pollinators.
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2. Decomposition
A diverse range of insects is involved with decomposition of dead plants and ani-
mals. For example, dung beetles break up dung and bury it underground for their
larvae to eat; carrion beetles eat and break down dead animals (Figure 1.3a).
3. Predation of pests
Native vegetation supports a diverse range of insect predators, such as lady beetles
(Figure 1.3b), that eat aphids and scale insect pests that attack and damage crops.
Studies have shown that a diverse range of insect predators can be effective in
suppressing insect herbivores that attack crops.
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In Australia, the value of native
vegetation is increasingly recognised as providing habitat for natural predators that
can assist in the control of crop pests.
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(a)
(b)
Figure 1.3:
Native vegetation supports a diverse range of insect pollinators, decomposers and predators. (a)
Carrion Beetle
Ptomaphila perlata
. (Photo by Jessica Griffiths). (b) A Lady Beetle larva. (Photo © CSIRO)
