Information Technology Reference
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self-contained components that could be archived and reused whenever they
are needed. Thus, there is a need to establish standard ways for the defini-
tion, representation, transmission, and reuse of course materials.
Currently, e-learning standards are mainly being developed by four
main organizations, namely, the Aviation Industry CBT Committee (AICC),
Instruction Management System Global Learning Consortium (IMS), Advanced
Distributed Learning Initiative (ADL), and IEEE Learning Technology
Standards Committee (IEEE LTSC).
AICC (www.aicc.org) is an international group of technology-based training
professionals; AICC creates CBT-related guidelines for the aviation industry.
IMS Global Consortium (www.imsproject.org) is a consortium of suppliers
that work on specification development with a focus on the metadata used to
address content packaging. ADL (www.adlnet.gov) is sponsored by the U.S.
government; the main function of this organization includes the research and
development of specifications that encourage the adoption and advancement
of e-learning. The ADL Shareable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) is
the most widely accepted ADL publication. Some of the best elements of IEEE,
AICC, and IMS specifications are combined by the SCORM specification into a
consolidated document. IEEE's Learning Object Metadata (LOM) specification
is the most widely acknowledged IEEE LTSC (www.ieeeltsc.org) specification,
which defines element groups and elements that describe learning resources.
The LOM elements and structures are used in the specifications of both IMS
and ADL. Thus, SCORM is a major standard to be applied in Peels .
17.4.1 Sharable Content Object reference Model (SCOrM)
In order to provide a better definition of the different aspects of Learning
Object (LOs), a number of standards organizations (IEEE, IMS, AICC) have
joined forces with the initiative of the Advanced Distributed Learning
consortium (ADL) and created a library of such standards as the SCORM.
Moreover, SCORM is one of the most widely used standards and aims to
provide [24]:
Accessibility: It should be possible to identify, locate, and access LOs
in one remote location and deliver LOs to other locations.
Interoperability: LOs are developed by a set of tools on the platform
and they should be accessible and reusable with different tools on
different platforms.
Durability: LOs should be able to cope with technology changes
without redesigning, reconfiguration, or recoding.
Reusability: LOs should be sufficiently flexible in multiple applica-
tions and contexts.
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