Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
17
Toward a Personalized
E-Learning
Environment
Elvis Wai Chung Leung
CoNTENTS
17.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 355
17.2 E-Learning Modeling .............................................................................. 356
17.2.1 Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS)............................................. 357
17.2.2 Adaptive Hypermedia (AH) .................................................... 358
17.3 Personalization Approach ...................................................................... 360
17.3.1 Individual versus Collaborative .............................................. 360
17.3.2 Reactive versus Proactive ......................................................... 360
17.3.3 Client Side versus Server Side.................................................. 361
17.4 E-Learning Standards ............................................................................. 361
17.4.1 Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) ........... 362
17.5 Cognitive Theory and Instructional Design Strategies...................... 363
17.6 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 366
References............................................................................................................. 366
Presently, students can easily access the online course materials anytime and
anywhere. However, students may have different linguistic, cultural, and aca-
demic backgrounds. So, diversity of student characteristics causes a significant
issue. To address this issue, a personalized learning environment has been pro-
moted recently. By providing a personalized learning environment, the major
learning technologies and learning theories will be discussed in this chapter.
In particular, Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) and Adaptive Hypermedia (AH)
are examined first. A personalization approach, e-learning standards, as well
as cognitive theory and instructional design strategies will be discussed also.
17.1 Introduction
To cope with the increasing trend of learning demands and limited resources,
most universities are taking advantage of Web-based technology for their
355
