Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
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Peer-to-Pee
r Streaming Systems
Victor Gau, Peng-Jung Wu, Yi-Hsien Wang, and Jenq-Neng Hwang
CoNTENTS
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Peer-to-Peer Streaming Systems ...................................................... 4
1.2 Delivery Technologies for Video over IP Networks ................................. 6
1.2.1 Unicasting Video Streams ................................................................ 7
1.2.1.1 Media Server Farms............................................................ 7
1.2.1.2 Content Delivery Networks (CDN) .................................. 7
1.2.2 Multicasting Video Streams ............................................................. 8
1.2.2.1 IP Multicast .......................................................................... 9
1.2.2.2 Application Layer Multicast ............................................ 10
1.2.2.3 Hybrid IP/Application Layer Multicast ......................... 12
1.3 Content Lookup in Peer-to-Peer Networks .............................................. 13
1.3.1 Structured Peer-to-Peer Networks ................................................ 14
1.3.1.1 Distributed Hash Table (DHT) ........................................ 14
1.3.1.2 Pastry .................................................................................. 15
1.3.1.3 Applications of Pastry ...................................................... 17
1.3.2 Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks ........................................... 19
1.4 Application Layer Multicasts in Peer-to-Peer Streaming Systems ....... 19
1.4.1 Tree-Push Methods.......................................................................... 19
1.4.1.1 Narada ................................................................................ 20
1.4.1.2 NICE.................................................................................... 20
1.4.2 Mesh-Pull Methods ......................................................................... 22
1.4.2.1 CoolStreaming (DONet)................................................... 23
1.4.2.2 PPLive ................................................................................. 24
1.4.3 Push-Pull Methods .......................................................................... 26
1.4.3.1 Gridmedia .......................................................................... 26
1.4.3.2 mTreebone .......................................................................... 28
1.5 Dynamic Behavior of Peers in Peer-to-Peer Systems.............................. 28
1.5.1 Modeling Parent Behavior.............................................................. 29
1.5.2 Overcoming Burst Packet Loss by a Multisource Peer-to-
Peer System with Forward Error Correction Scheme................. 30
1.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 33
References............................................................................................................... 35
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