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Generation Mobile System (3G). The integration of the mobile network infra-
structure and sensor networks will reduce the cost of building a new infra-
structure and enable the large-scale deployment of sensor networks.
3.3.2 uMTS Network Frame
The UMTS architecture consists of core network (CN), UTRAN (UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access Network), and user equipment (UE). The main func-
tion of the CN is to provide switching and routing of the packet traffic. It is
f u r t her d iv ide d i into CS a nd P S dom a i n s. T The c i rc u it- s w itc The d ele me nt s a r e com-
prised of the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC), Visitor Location Register
(VLR) and Gateway MSC. The PS elements are the Serving GPRS Support Node
(SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). The SGSN is responsible
for mobility management and IP packet session management. It routes user
packet traffic from the radio network to the appropriate GGSN and provides
access to external packet data networks, such as the Internet and intranets. The
UMTS core network has multiple SGSNs that are connected to multiple radio
network controllers. This framework focuses on the packet-switched domain
because it provides the Multimedia Message Service (MMS) and the Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP). UTRAN consists of multiple base stations (Nodes
B) and Radio Network Controllers (RNC) that provide the WCDMA air inter-
face access method for user equipment. This communication network can carry
many traffic types, from real-time CS to IP-based PS traffic. The RNC autho-
rizes control functionalities for one or more Node Bs while the IUB is a logical
interface between them. The RNC and its corresponding Node Bs are called the
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS). There can be more than one RNS present in
the UTRAN. The term UE refers to any device that has the capability to com-
municate with a UMTS network. This corresponds to our proposed architec-
ture (IFSUN) for a wireless sensor network gateway, as depicted in Figure 3.4.
In a wireless environment, where bandwidth usage is significant, short
address length and simplicity of user entry on limited keypads are the
distinguishing features between various systems. The international mobile
subscriber identity (IMSI) is used by any system that employs the GSM stan-
dard. The IMSI uses up to 15 digits, a 3-digit mobile country code (MCC),
a 2-digit mobile network code (MNC), and a mobile subscriber identity
number (MSIN) of up to 10 digits. The IMSI has been recognized as a better
identifier than any other system.
3.3.3 interoperability Sensor and uMTS Network
Here we propose an approach that will allow the different network standards
to communicate with each other. The scope of this work is to develop a frame-
work that will allow the integration of sensor networks into the fabric of
other wireless networks. The framework has been divided into two parts: the
UMTS portion and the gateway. The use of a UMTS network enables direct
