Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
Sweden, Finland, Norway, Italy, Malta, Ireland, Slovenia and Belgium) are eligible for benefits to the extent specified
under the Medicare program. If you are from one of these countries check the details before departure. In general the
agreements provide for any episode of ill health that requires prompt medical attention. For further details see
www.humanservices.gov.au
and search for 'reciprocal'.
Over-the-counter medications are widely available at pharmacies. These include painkillers, antihistamines for aller-
gies and skin-care products.
Some medications readily available over the counter in other countries are only available in Australia by prescription.
These include the oral contraceptive pill, most medications for asthma and all antibiotics. If you take medication on a
regular basis, bring an adequate supply and ensure you know the generic name, as brand names may differ.
Infectious Diseases
BAT LYSSAVIRUS
This disease is related to rabies and some deaths have occurred after bites. The risk is greatest for animal handlers and
vets. Rabies vaccine is effective, but the risk to travellers is very low.
DENGUE FEVER
Also known as 'breakbone fever', because of the severe muscular pains that accompany the fever, this viral disease is
spread by a species of mosquito that feeds primarily during the day. Most people recover in a few days, but more severe
forms of the disease can occur, particularly in residents who are exposed to another strain of the virus (there are four
types) in a subsequent season.
GIARDIASIS
Giardiasis is widespread in the waterways around Australia. Drinking untreated water from streams and lakes is not re-
commended. Water filters, and boiling or treating water with iodine, are effective in preventing the disease. Symptoms
consist of intermittent bad-smelling diarrhoea, abdominal bloating and wind. Effective treatment is available (tinidazole
or metronidazole).
MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE
This disease occurs worldwide and is a risk with prolonged, dormitory-style accommodation. A vaccine exists for some
types of this disease, namely meningococcal A, C, Y and W. No vaccine is presently available for the viral type of men-
ingitis.
ROSS RIVER FEVER
The Ross River virus is widespread throughout Australia and is spread by mosquitoes living in marshy areas. In addition
to fever the disease causes headache, joint and muscular pains and a rash, before resolving after five to seven days.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
STDs occur at rates similar to those in most other Western countries. Always use a condom with any new sexual partner.
Condoms are readily available in chemists and through vending machines in many public places including toilets.
VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
Also known as the Murray Valley encephalitis virus, this is spread by mosquitoes and is most common in northern Aus-
tralia, especially during the wet season (November to April). This potentially serious disease is normally accompanied
by headache, muscle pains and light sensitivity. Residual neurological damage can occur and no specific treatment is
available. However, the risk to most travellers is low.
