Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
1
2
Hydrogen H
Helium He
Essential
Lighter than air,
good for filling
balloons and
making people's
voices high
pitched
Gradients of H+,
across
membranes are
used for ATP
synthesis
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Lithium Li
Berylium Be
Boron B
Carbon C
Nitrogen N
Oxygen O
Fluorine F
Neon Ne
Toxic
Essential
Essential
Essential
Essential
Essential
Aquamarine and
emerald are
precious forms of
the mineral beryl,
Be
3
Al
2
(SiO
3
)
6
The oxygen
paradox -
essential for
respiration, but
toxic
Essential
copmponent of
proteins, nucleic
acids, etc.
Required for
bone hardening
and preventing
dental caries
In a vacuum
discharge tube,
neon glows
reddish orange
Treatment of
manic depression
with Li
2
CO
3
Almost all
molecules in
living organisms
Cross-linking plant
cell walls
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Sodium Na
Magnesium Mg
Aluminium Al
Silicon Si
Phosphorous P
Sulphur S
Chlorine Cl
Argon Ar
Essential
Essential
Toxic
Essential
Essential
Essential
Essential
Plants especially
grasses and
Diatoms
Heavier than air -
good in glove
boxes
Chloride
channels in cystic
fibrosis
Cellular energy
currency, ATP
Coenzyme A, Fe-
S clusters
Sodium channels
Chlorophylls
Acid rain
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
Potassium K
Calcium Ca
Scandium Sc
Titanium Ti
Vanadium V
Chromium Cr
Manganese Mn
Iron Fe
Cobalt Co
Nickel Ni
Copper Cu
Zinc Zn
Gallium Ga
Germanium Ge
Arsenic As
Selenium Se
Bromine Br
Essential
Essential
Essential
Essential?
Essential
Essential
Essential
Essential
Essential
Essential
Essential ?Toxic
Essential
Essential ?
Stratospheric
ozone-depleting
refrigerants and
extinguishing
agents
Predicted to exist
by Mendeleev.
Discovered 1879
in Scandinavia
Insulin-like
effects,bromo-
peroxidases in
seaweed
Promotes glucose
tolerance by an,
as yet, unknown
mechanism
Haem in
haemoglobin
gives blood its red
colour
Cytochrome
oxidases
superoxide
dismutases
Arsenite and
arsenic trioxide
(treatment of
malignancies)
Glutathione
peroxidase, key
anti-oxidant
enzyme
Intracellular
signalling -
calmodulin
Oxygen evolving
complex in
Photosystem II
Lewis acid, Zinc
fingers in DNA-
binding proteins
67 Ga (78% G
emitter). Tumor
imaging
Potassium
channel
The space age
element
Active site of
hydrogenase
Vitamin B12
Semi-conductors
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Molybdenum Mo
Ruthenium Ru
Palladium Pd
Silver
Cadmium Cd
Tin Sn
Antimony Sb
Iodine I
Essential
Toxic
Essential ?
Toxic
Essential
Pd-catalysts 2010
Chemistry Nobel
Prize.
Ubiquitous toxic
environmental
pollutant
Alloyed with Cu in
bronze and with
Pb in pewter
FeMoCo in
nitrogenase
Anti-cancer Ru
drugs
Antimicrobial
agent
Thyroid
hormones, T3, T4
55
56
57-71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Tungsten W
Osmium
Platinum Pt
Gold Au
Mercury Hg
Lead Pb
Polonium Po
Essential
Toxic
Toxic
Auranofin
Therapy for
rheumatoid
arthritis
Pawter wine cups
-Decline and fall
of the Roman
Empire?
Densest element,
EM stain
Cis-platin
anticancer drug
Death by alpha
paticle emission
Tungsten lamps
The Mad Hatter
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Gadolinum Gd
Gd-DTPA
MRI contrast
agent
FIGURE 1.4
An idiosyncratic periodic table.
