An Overview of Intermediary Metabolism and Bioenergetics - Biological Inorganic Chemistry - page 100

FIGURE 5.9 An overview of catabolism.

SELECTED CASE STUDIES e GLYCOLYSIS AND THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
Glycolysis 4 is an almost universal pathway for glucose catabolism, widely distributed in living organisms which
converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvate with the net production of 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of
NADH. It consists of a sequence of ten reactions ( Figure 5.10 ), the first five of which transform one molecule of
glucose into two molecules of triose phosphate, and consume 2 molecules of ATP. The five subsequent reactions
transform two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into two molecules of pyruvate with production of
4 molecules of ATP and 2 of NADH. Of the ten reactions, six are phosphoryl transfers (1,3,6,7,8,10), two are sugar
isomerisations (2,5), one is an aldol cleavage (4), one is an NAD þ -dependent redox reaction involving the

4. From Greek glyk e sweet and lysis e splitting.