Notes - The Scramble for the Amazon and the Lost Paradise of Euclides da Cunha - page 429

12. Ibid.
13. Letter to Otaviano Vieira, Rio, July 3, 1909.
14. Before antibiotics the “cure” for tuberculosis was geographical—sanitariums or clinics in arid
mountainous areas were deemed most healthful. But these were often the last steps before the final one
into the abyss. See, for example, Mann, Magic Mountain.
15. Letter to Vieira, July 5, 1909.
16. A league here is about 18 km 2 .
17. Fifer, “Bolivia's Boundary with Brazil”; Fifer, “Empire Builders.”
18. De Abranches, Rio Branco e a política exterior ; de la Pedraja Tomán, Wars of Latin America ;
Pontes, Euclides da Cunha ; Zeballos, Diplomacia desarmada .
19. Anna Almeida Lima in Crónica , 72.
20. Da Cunha telegram to Vieira, Rio, August 3, 1909.
21. Lucinda Ratto in Crônica , 75.
22. Ana Solon da Cunha in ibid., 67.
23. Angelica Ratto in ibid., 69.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Lucinda Ratto in ibid., 80.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. De Assis, Conselho de guerra . Though there is no paper trail, the degree to which everyone was
on edge suggests that the Dilermando-Ana romance somehow became much more public and danger-
ous after this trip. The correspondence between the two had heated up. Judith de Assis, in her family
memoir, Ana de Assis , reports that Ana's mother's precarious health gave her hope for the end of her
marriage to Euclides, because upon Tulia's death she would inherit a useful pension that would free her
economically from him.
30. De Assis, Conselho de guerra .
31. Ana Solon da Cunha in Crônica , 131.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Later in life Luis changed his surname from da Cunha to de Assis to reflect his true paternity.
35. Lucinda Ratto in Crônica , 80.
36. Ana Solon da Cunha in ibid., 132.
37. Ibid.
38. The term used here is entregar , which in this sense means the return of damaged goods. Typic-
ally it was applied to daughters who married but turned out not to have been virgins or were defective
in some other way. In Iberian cultures such an entrega involved extreme shame and dishonor. For a
novelistic rendering, see García Márquez's Chronicle of a Death Foretold .
39. Ana Solon da Cunha in Crônica , 132.
40. Ibid.
41. Augusta Solon Ribeiro in ibid., 82; also Ana Solon da Cunha, 133.
42. Judith Ribeiro de Assis paints her mother as a kind of protofeminist, and the Brazilian serial
made about Ana and Dilermando ( Desejo —Desire) expands on this theme. In descriptions of Ana by
Judith, Dilermando, Dinorah, and others, however, there is nothing other than this calamitous affair to
suggest feminist undercurrents.