Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
38. Da Cunha here quotes from José Wilkens de Matos, Dicionário topográfico do departamento de
Loreto .
39. This region was an important area of ecclesiastic settlements, and here the pattern from southern
Brazil of raiding missions for slaves was clearly carried out.
40. Raimondi was an encyclopedic naturalist and collected material on geology, botany, ethno-
graphy, zoology, etc. He was Italian by birth but naturalized as Peruvian and was perhaps the greatest
Peruvian scientist of the nineteenth century. He took part in boundary demarcations and hydrology in
the Peruvian Amazon. Da Cunha is referring quite specifically to Raimondi's stance against abuse and
exploitation of Chinese immigrants and post-emancipation Afro-Peruvians, positions not unlike da
Cunha's own. Raimondi was also very impressed by native peoples, indigenous knowledge, and local
ecologies. Raimondi, Notas de viajes para su obra “El Perú” ; Raimondi, Balta, and Sociedad Geo-
gráfica de Lima, El Perú .
41. Tucker, as noted in earlier chapters, was a transplanted US southern seaman who worked as a
river surveyor on the Ucayali and its tributaries.
42. Portillo was concerned to both extend Peruvian terrains and limit Brazilian incursions. Roger
Casement complained bitterly about his collusion with caucheiros , especially the Aranas. Casement
and Sawyer, Roger Casement's Diaries .
Chapter 21
*1. Chicha is a fermented corn, manioc, or sweet potato beverage.
1. Freyre, Perfil de Euclydes e otros perfís . Also see Burke and Pallares-Burke, Gilberto Freyre .
2. See Burke and Pallares Burke, Gilberto Freyre.
3. Freyre's writings on Brazilian identity were durable and are still widely commented upon in
Brazil as well as his historiography, which, as E. P. Thompson noted, emphasizes the “common
people” as the true bearers of culture.
4. Haas and Mansfeld, Aristotle ; Lang, Order of Nature in Aristotle's Physics .
5. Slater, Entangled Edens .
6. See More, Utopia ; Voltaire, Candide ; Campanella and Donno, City of the Sun ; Baptiste and de las
Casas, Bartolomé de Las Casas and Thomas More's “Utopia” ; Bertrand, “Utopian Dreamers in His-
panic America in the 16th Century”; Brown and Fernández, War of Shadows ; Folguera, Construcción
de la utopía ; Milhou, “Messianic and Utopian Currents.”
7. See, for example, Baudot, Utopia and History in Mexico ; Cañizares-Esguerra, Puritan Conquista-
dors ; Greenblatt, New World Encounters .
8. Baudot, Utopia and History in Mexico ; Bertrand, “Utopian Dreamers in Hispanic America in the
16th Century”; Folguera, Construcción de la utopía ; Gassent, Utopía y derecho en la conquista de
América ; Greene, Science, Ideology, and World View ; Milhou, “Messianic and Utopian Currents”;
Urbano and Beascoechea, Utopía, mesianismo y milenarismo .
9. Vainfas, Herésia dos índios ; Vainfas, Trópico dos pecados .
10. Huntington, Civilization and Climate .
11. Heywood, “Portuguese into African”; Heywood and Thornton, Central Africans, Atlantic
Creoles .
12. Brooks, Eurafricans in Western Africa ; Curtin, Image of Africa ; Falola and Childs, Yoruba Di-
aspora ; Florentino, Em costas negras ; Heywood and Thornton, Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles ;
Russell-Wood, Portuguese Empire .
13. Beinart, “Men, Science, Travel and Nature”; Pratt, Imperial Eyes .
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