Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
51. Mann, “Ancient Earthmovers of the Amazon”; Fernando Santos-Granero, “Boundaries Are
Made to Be Crossed.”
52. Payne, Amazonian Linguistics .
53. Santa-Anna Néry, Le pays des Amazones .
54. Schidrowitz and Dawson, History of the Rubber Industry.
55. Edwards, Voyage up the River Amazon .
56. Ibid.
57. See Schidrowitz and Dawson, History of the Rubber Industry.
58. See Dean, Brazil and the Struggle for Rubber . See Santa-Anna Néry, Le pays des Amazones ,
where he cites Amazon references before de la Condamine noted the use of caucho (Gallicized as
“caoutchouk”). “Father Manoel da Esperança . . . had found it in use among the Cambebas Indians”
and he “called it they say by the singular name of 'seringa,' having remarked that these intelligent sav-
ages used it to make bottles and bowls in the form of a syringe. Thence came the name of ' syringers'
or 'seringueros' by which the extractors of the milky sap are still known in Amazonia, and that of
seringais given to the places where they extract this product by incision.” Also see Edwards, Voyage
up the River Amazon ; Keller-Leuzinger, Amazon and Madeira River .
59. See chap. 20 below.
60. Santos, História econômica da Amazônia .
61. While the price collapsed, rubber production itself remained high until the 1920s.
62. Those involved in the upper reaches of the Hevea economy worried a great deal about the prob-
lems of overtapping. See Dean, Brazil and the Struggle for Rubber.
63. Hecht, “Last Unfinished Page of Genesis.”
64. See Weinstein, Amazon Rubber Boom , and Nugent, Amazonian Caboclo Society .
65. Barham and Coomes, Prosperity's Promise ; Barham and Coomes, “Wild Rubber”; Domínguez
and Gómez, Economía extractiva ; Pacheco B., Integración económica y fragmentación .
66. Nugent, Amazonian Caboclo Society ; Taussig, Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man .
67. Barham and Coomes, “Wild Rubber”; Nugent, Amazonian Caboclo Society.
68. The classic study of the Mundurukú is Murphy, Rubber Trade and the Mundurucú Village . Bates
and William Chandless, whose steps da Cunha followed up the Purús, noted that natives there were in-
tegrated into the rubber economy even in the 1860s. See Chandless, “Ascent of the River Purús.”
69. See chap. 21 .
70. Lagos, Arana, rey del caucho .
71. Bates reports how insalubrious the river became later in the 1850s: Bates, Naturalist on the River
Amazons . Anderson points out that the 1850s and 60s saw numerous epidemics of yellow fever, chol-
era, and measles. Anderson, Colonization as Exploitation . See also McNeill, Mosquito Empires .
72. Stanfield, Red Rubber, Bleeding Trees .
73. Lange, In the Amazon Jungle.
74. Casement, Amazon Diaries.
75. Coudreau, Voyages au Tocantins Araguaia .
76. Pacheco B., Integración económica y fragmentación social.
77. See Edelman, “Central American Genocide.”
78. Pearson, Rubber Country of the Amazon .
79. Rocha, Memorandum de viaje .
80. Taussig, Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man.
81. Robuchon, En el Putumayo y sus afluentes .
Search WWH ::




Custom Search