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offerings. All three layers of emerging Cloud offerings have the potential to meet
the needs of the utility computing, SaaS and user ecosystem. Such offerings evolved
from Grid and SaaS developments and rely on Grid computing on the lowest layer.
Overall, the need of end users to access HPC and Grids over SaaS applications is
one important driver for the emerging Clouds.
Software as a Service
SaaS
Platform as a Service
PaaS
Infrastructure as a Service
IaaS
Horizontal integration
Fig. 13.1: Vertical integration across and horizontal integration within Cloud layers
The relation between Grid-based VOs, as described above and Clouds is less clearly
visible. Clouds provide integration within the Cloud, but support for integration of
resources of independent participants is rather weak. They also provide a rather
simple storage of data and do not necessarily support for data sharing and processing.
Support for VOs clearly requires horizontal integration, in many cases according
to a defined workflow - for example a supply chain workflow. VOs are typically
driven by one company coordinating the remaining participants. As a result, it might
be expected that Grid-supported VOs might be driven by external company Clouds
that provide integrating platforms for partner companies, which are similar to the
VHE presented in chapter 12.
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