Ground GNSS Atmospheric Sensing - GNSS Remote Sensing: Theory, Methods and Applications - page 58

25

20

15

10

5

0

−90 −60 −30 0 30 60 90

Latitude (deg)

Fig. 3.24 Distribution of annual PWV variation amplitude with the latitude

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

−90 −60 −30 0 30 60 90

Latitude (deg)

Fig. 3.25 Distributions of annual peak PWV phases with the latitude

monsoon and minimum water vapors in winter are due to a cold temperature. The
semi-annual variation amplitudes are weak with about 0.5 ˙ 0.2 mm. The peak
time of maximum semi-annual PWV variations are about in February-April and
August-October.