Cryospheric Sensing Using GNSS-R - GNSS Remote Sensing: Theory, Methods and Applications - page 251

Fig. 11.1 Sketch of the multiple-ray single-reflection approach implemented to model the dry
snow internal reflections. The amplitude factors affecting each segment are plotted in blue , red for
the rest of parameters used in the computations. R is the location of the receiving antenna, S is the
specular point of a reflection off the snow-air interface. T is not included in the figure, it represents
the GNSS transmitter position, very far away, so it illuminates the area with parallel incidence. The
incident RHCP power at the surface level is set to 1 (Figure from Cardellach et al. ( 2012 ))

2 cos k1
cos k1 C q k 1
k

T k D (11.10)

. k 1
k

sin k1 / 2

k 1 cos k 1 p k 1 k . k 1 sin k 1 / 2
k1 cos k1 C p k1 k . k1 sin k1 / 2

R ? D (11.11)

k cos k 1 p k 1 k . k 1 sin k 1 / 2
k cos k1 C p k1 k . k1 sin k1 / 2

R

k D

(11.12)