Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
In addition to their role in genetics, nucleotides play other important roles in
biochemistry. Key enzymes and coenzymes such as
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD),
flavin adenine dinucleotide
(FAD), and
vitamin B
12
also include nucleotides as
part of their structures. Also, the major component of
viruses
is DNA.
Reaction Summary
Hydrolysis of Nucleic Acids
-
O
-
O
P
O
O
O
HO
H
N
Base
H
2
O
enzyme
H
N
Base
H
2
O
H
N
Base
O
O
O
HO
-
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
O
H
O
H
nucleotide
nucleoside
-
O
P
O
O
HO
H
N
Base
H
O
H
2
OH
+
O
O
+
HN-Base
H
H
H
heterocyclic
base
O
O
H
DNA segment
2-deoxy-D-ribose
Learning Objectives
1.
Know the meaning of: nucleic acid, nucleotide, nucleoside.
2.
Know the structures of: cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine, uracil,
2-deoxy-D-ribose, D-ribose.
3.
Know the meaning of: DNA, RNA, N-glycoside, pyrimidine base, purine base.
4.
Given the name, draw the structure of a specific nucleoside.
5.
Write an equation for the hydrolysis of a specific nucleoside by aqueous acid. Write
the steps in the reaction mechanism.
6.
Given the name, draw the structure of a specific nucleotide.
7.
Write an equation for the hydrolysis of a specific nucleotide by aqueous base.
8.
Draw the structure of an N-glycoside and an O-glycoside.
9.
Given the name or abbreviation for a DNA or RNA nucleotide or
nucleoside, draw its
structure.
10.
Draw the primary structure of a segment of an RNA or DNA chain.
11.
Explain why only pyrimidine-purine base pairing is permissible in the double helix
structure.
