Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
CH
3
Br
bromomethane (methyl bromide)
CH
2
Br
2
dibromomethane (methylene bromide)
CHBr
3
tribromomethane (bromoform)
CBr
4
tetrabromomethane (carbon tetrabromide)
2.20
2.21
Four monobrominated products can be obtained from heptane, but only one
monobrominated product is obtained from cycloheptane.
2.22
Yes. All the hydrogens are equivalent, and monobromination gives a single product.
2.23
Add the reactants and the products of eqs. 2.16 and 2.17:
R
H
+Cl
R
+
H
Cl
(2.16)
R
+
Cl
Cl
R
Cl
+Cl
(2.17)
R
H
+Cl
+R +
Cl
Cl
R
Cl
+Cl +R +
H
l
The intermediate radicals (
R
and
Cl
) cancel and what is left is eq. 2.9:
R
H
+
Cl
l
R
Cl
+
H
l
(2.9)
2.24
initiation
heat or light
Cl
Cl
2Cl
propagation
CH
4
+Cl
CH
3
+
HCl
CH
3
+Cl
Cl
CH
3
Cl
+
l
termination
2
Cl
Cl
Cl
2CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
+Cl
CH
3
Cl
2.25
The second termination step in the answer to Problem 2.24 accounts for the
formation of ethane in the chlorination of methane. Ethane can also be chlorinated,
which explains the formation of small amounts of chloroethane in this reaction.
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